Dynasty bronze sculpture is a replica of the main catalog fake

Fake can be divided into four stages.

The first phase, Yuan, Ming period. Song Jin Shi Xuexing after starting from the ancient china bronze sculpture and art appreciation as research data products, competing public and private collections, hardly bronze sculpture has a high economic value. Therefore, merchants began to fake since the Song Dynasty. Song of counterfeit goods have been found in the Song Dynasty bronze sculpture of the record book.

The second stage, the early Qing Dynasty to Jiaqing period. As the economic recovery and development, promotion of the rulers, a new development of epigraphy, fake also flourished. At this point the Song Dynasty bronze sculpture is a replica of the main catalog fake. Characterized the entire device are false, that is, those devices are pseudo-pseudo-Ming, fake low level of technology, easy identification.

The third stage, to the late Qing dynasty period. As the stone inscriptions on the one hand, emphasis on academics, on the other fake device effortlessly distinguish easily understood, so most of this period turned businessman in the true pseudo-ming on the inscription for profit. In addition, since the Opium War in 1840, and especially since 1856 - after the Second Opium War in 1860, Chinese foreign invaders plundered cultural relics, has been greatly stimulated the development of fake, pseudo-devices are exported. Foreign museum there are a lot of Chinese bronze sculpture in counterfeit goods.

The fourth stage, the early Republic of China. Due to political corruption, warlordism, not only throughout the Tomb of the wind filled, and the wind is more fake Chi. Shanghai, Suzhou, Beijing, Xi'an, and other places are fake Weixian the center, there are many fake master. Since then introduced Western science and technology, business use of new technologies fake, the fake has been greatly improved. For example, with the inscription rubbings true photographic plate, then use the method of production of chemical corrosion pseudo-ming, cast or engraved than in the past to the pseudo-Ming is much more realistic. Forged with the chemical etching method, and Ming really quite similar, non-detailed knowledge of its false identification can not. Foreigners like the novel and because the shape and pattern, but also the pseudo-novelty shapes and patterns for flourished. At this point the record book, often mixed with china bronze sculpture of a large number of pseudo-device.

From the history of fake pseudo-device can be concluded from the basic situation is:

① all devices are false. For example, Jin Hou Pingrong plate, pretending to be about the Qianlong period, the original possession of Beijing Yi Palace, into the UK in 1870, now hidden in Britain Victoria and Albert Museum. Ventrolateral adorned nipples pattern, decorated under the Animal Mask, ears neither fish nor fowl, ring foot line welding, pretending to be obvious. There are 23 lines of inscription plate 550 words, is the longest known inscription in the pseudo-device. Content of imitation, "chancery" and "Zuo Zhuan", font imitation. "Scattered disk's" and "engravings on drum", calligraphy poor, glance its false.

② is pretending to be a part of objects. For example, Shanghai Museum Animal Mask of a Shang Dynasty jade cup with ears, device really, but the mouth of the stream plus a pseudo-stream, superfluous.

③ piece together the fragments of real devices made of pseudo-device. For example, "Xiqing ancient Kam 'a record of the Pan Kui Ding 11, the upper part of the Department with the Ge plus three feet from the next, specious.

④ pseudo-device real-ming. It also includes two cases. First, the whole pseudo-inscriptions. Chisel or a knife carved from, or corrosion from chemicals. Content or imitation of a real device Ming, or put together, and even the casual fiction. Second, in addition to real-ming, plus engraved pseudo-ming. For example, now hidden in Zhenjiang Jinshan Park, then start? Ding, who was recording in "Room King Yi device shall know my heart" on 32, had only nine words, and later in its pseudo-carved around 124 words, so that the inscriptions to 133 words .

⑤ Ming True Pseudo. For example, China's Chen Hou afternoon Tibetan History Museum London, the original device was destroyed by fire early, remaining fragments of inscriptions on the bottom, after the business people among the pieces embedded in pseudo-device, device made of a true and pseudo-Ming Chen Hou afternoon London.

⑥ True and false pattern device. That is really a small plain or pattern of pseudo-engraved pattern on the chinese bronze sculpture. For example, the Western Zhou Dynasty Shanghai Museum Bird statue, the original only with a shoulder there is a Bird, the latter in its upper and lower pseudo-carved banana leaf pattern and Bird. There's the original pattern plus inlay turquoise.