Tao, Product Research of the bronze and its construction Levin process 2009.05.04 craft room new high-strength wear-resistant complex production technology Luoyang Copper Processing Technology Center in December 2004 new high strength and wear Tao Luo, bronze and their production technologies Copper Group Technical Center PC 471 039 Abstract] high strength wear-resistant β phase based on the diverse and complex bronze, is a newly developed, and has been widely used in new high-tech, high value-added copper alloy varieties, has a broad market space for development. Taotie motif on the bronze of China has a basic core design.
This paper systematically describes the types of market demand outlook, high strength wear-resistant bronze, features, and highlights the typical alloy products production and processing technology based on thermal processing, the alloy production and development of new varieties play constructive guidance. The majority of the taotie motif on the bronze sculpture has twisted and stretched claws. β-phase bronze, high strength wear-resistant copper alloy, precipitation phase thermal processing an Introduction Copper is the earliest human understanding and use of metallic materials, has a strong alloying ability, the formation of alloys with most elements of the nature of modern science alloy products with different characteristics and uses of technology to provide, is indispensable for the development of modern industrial engineering materials, but also caused attaches great importance to science and technology community.
Domestic and foreign research and development of new copper alloy boom in the ascendant, the birth of a large number of high-performance, high-tech alloys of new varieties, new technologies. As more and more varieties of new products, new technology, practical use, the copper alloy, the product applications become ever finer, the increasingly high demand for performance, many alloy species has become a special field of Alloy , and thus attention to the special and specific research, the market for material selection and timely development of new high-tech products to meet market demand, is a concrete manifestation of enterprises rely on scientific and technological progress to take the content development. Some taotie on the bronze is even connected with the bird designs with two obvious bird heads. Bronze is the most important copper alloy variety, low-cost high-performance, widely used in various fields of national economy.
But has long been widely used is the α and α + β phase based on single-phase or two-phase bronze alloys, and less of the β phase based on the complexity of the high zinc bronze statue research applications. With the advances in technology, the high zinc bronze deepening, found that by joining multi small amount of alloying elements can significantly improve its performance, the material has many of the practical prospects of new features, such as shape memory properties; The reason of the extensive use of taotie on the chinese bronze of Shang and Zhou can not be separated with the social politics. with titanium bronze, beryllium copper compared to the United States and the high elastic energy; superplastic forming properties and high corrosion resistance, wear resistance, anti-friction properties.
One of the most striking is the β phase based on a new type of high-strength wear-resistant diverse and complex bronze, which has a high strength comparable with aluminum bronze, excellent wear mechanism and high corrosion resistance to various media. The bronze dragon naturally had been highly developed and reached the pinnacle of technology. More valuable is its excellent thermal processing formability, in forging a variety of sophisticated high-strength wear-resistant parts, with the incomparable advantage of other materials, so since the advent of the last century, the development of the 1970s, the rapidly growing popularity of the various requirements has high strength and good wear resistance to overload, high-speed hydraulic rotor, sliding shoe, self-lubricating bearings, precision forgings, and other fields, its typical use as shown in Figure 1.
Wednesday, May 30, 2012
Sunday, May 27, 2012
Technological Process and the bronze
Basically for the semicircle button, button block has a round, square, and four-leaf pattern, Block and other. The wide flat edge of the mirror, began to appear on the pattern edge. The production is very delicate, is the peak of the Han Dynasty bronze mirror. Bronze mirror decorated complex and changing from static to tend to trend, the rule pattern, the god of animals and birds pattern, the four gods (the Green Dragon, White Tiger, Red Phoenix, basaltic) pattern, flow moire, twists and turns patterns and zigzag lines, which clouds lines, twists and turns, lines and zigzag patterns are mostly decorated in the mirror edge. They have not changed in the nature and still worked for increasing the mystery of bronze. Pattern lines are generally very thin, coiled, such as wire, Emotion and powerful, harassment and fine, smooth and vivid. The bronze mirror inscriptions decorated dominant.
Use of the Seven rhymes or imitation the Hanfu song speech. Founder fonts, the contents of most of the express prayer wishes Ode language, by some said in the Western Han dynasty taboo, showing the words of Manifest Destiny. Also appear and pop out the word, minus the pen and use under the guise of the word, resulting in the statement is unreasonable and difficult identification. The seat next to the button casting the twelve Earthly Branches inscriptions. His action further strengthen its status as sacrificial bronze. It is noteworthy that the inscriptions often found in records in the era of casting mirror, known as the Annals mirror. This bronze mirror dating to establish a reliable standard. To the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and some fonts tend to art for the long-legged fancy seal character distribution in the Mirror Quartet, book Variation and picturesque. During this period.
Apart from the sun mirror, Shomei mirror, four milk with dragon decoration microscopy continue to be popular, the rules mirror symbolizing the Quartet's four gods are very popular. Birds and animals typical pattern mirror. 4, the late Eastern Han Dynasty bronze mirror shapes are round. Radio buttons, large buttons and high hemispherical. Mostly the radio button seat, also has a the Pente pattern button seat, Shi Di pattern button seat. Mirrors edge of the wide flat edge of the slope increases. Convex mirror a little flat over the previous period. The lens body is relatively thick and heavy. They denied many traditional bronze decorations. History of Chinese bronze mirror decorated than the arc pattern, the pattern of rules continue to use the rules of pattern outlined from a simplified, single lines. The case of figure fairy tales such as the gods of the East Duke.
Queen Mother of the West "content and traveling portrait and animal themes emerging, and began to appear semi-circular pieces and square pieces of decorative pieces or Ming. Decoration layout often button, or the upper and lower symmetry, or symmetrical. Animal mirror, portrait mirror is more rampant arrangement or surround a donation in the form of. They were not echoing with the demands of the times and not suited to the law of mysterious ritual bronze. The expression pattern of the embossed practices, is commonly found in animal painting elephant, dragon and tiger, Kui phoenix class mirror, so that the pattern image ups and downs, lively and natural. Inscriptions in the common language of toast, sandwiched between the main lines with the mirror side, and some vertically arranged in the middle of the mirror. Handed down the Eastern Han Dynasty dating mirror can be used as the main basis for dating. Boast texture fine inscription and Ji's discipline to Ming more popular, such as "Hou for the mirror," Zhang Mirror "," green cover for the mirror ".
Use of the Seven rhymes or imitation the Hanfu song speech. Founder fonts, the contents of most of the express prayer wishes Ode language, by some said in the Western Han dynasty taboo, showing the words of Manifest Destiny. Also appear and pop out the word, minus the pen and use under the guise of the word, resulting in the statement is unreasonable and difficult identification. The seat next to the button casting the twelve Earthly Branches inscriptions. His action further strengthen its status as sacrificial bronze. It is noteworthy that the inscriptions often found in records in the era of casting mirror, known as the Annals mirror. This bronze mirror dating to establish a reliable standard. To the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and some fonts tend to art for the long-legged fancy seal character distribution in the Mirror Quartet, book Variation and picturesque. During this period.
Apart from the sun mirror, Shomei mirror, four milk with dragon decoration microscopy continue to be popular, the rules mirror symbolizing the Quartet's four gods are very popular. Birds and animals typical pattern mirror. 4, the late Eastern Han Dynasty bronze mirror shapes are round. Radio buttons, large buttons and high hemispherical. Mostly the radio button seat, also has a the Pente pattern button seat, Shi Di pattern button seat. Mirrors edge of the wide flat edge of the slope increases. Convex mirror a little flat over the previous period. The lens body is relatively thick and heavy. They denied many traditional bronze decorations. History of Chinese bronze mirror decorated than the arc pattern, the pattern of rules continue to use the rules of pattern outlined from a simplified, single lines. The case of figure fairy tales such as the gods of the East Duke.
Queen Mother of the West "content and traveling portrait and animal themes emerging, and began to appear semi-circular pieces and square pieces of decorative pieces or Ming. Decoration layout often button, or the upper and lower symmetry, or symmetrical. Animal mirror, portrait mirror is more rampant arrangement or surround a donation in the form of. They were not echoing with the demands of the times and not suited to the law of mysterious ritual bronze. The expression pattern of the embossed practices, is commonly found in animal painting elephant, dragon and tiger, Kui phoenix class mirror, so that the pattern image ups and downs, lively and natural. Inscriptions in the common language of toast, sandwiched between the main lines with the mirror side, and some vertically arranged in the middle of the mirror. Handed down the Eastern Han Dynasty dating mirror can be used as the main basis for dating. Boast texture fine inscription and Ji's discipline to Ming more popular, such as "Hou for the mirror," Zhang Mirror "," green cover for the mirror ".
Sunday, May 13, 2012
Many sculpture in bronze had been discovered in the ancient burial tombs
A book in the Western Han Dynasty, "Huainanzi astronomical trains” that reads: "Heaven said circle, said authentic side." Ever since the beginning of recorded time, mankind has been creating artistic bronze sculpture of his world. Taoism that: the sky is round and the earth is square, in this universe of thinking under the guidance of God in the four rules mirror the outer edge of most of the cast back pattern goes Watermark, which means that the universe again and again without end, center of the mirror back button within the recessed seat outside the box represents the earth; central territory, one can only survive on the earth , mirror button is the center of the earth, to the mirror button box area is the earth. Because the earth is square, so the earth has four directions. In the four directions outside, guarded by four gods. The four Dragon White Tiger Suzaku is the patron saint of basalt.
The center of each side of the earth, that is within the recessed center of each side of the box, there is a out the "T"-shaped ornaments. "Shan Hai Jing ? the shortage by the" Cloud: "Kunlun Mountains, there are studs Yan, its high into the sky, the so-called Tianzhu also." Since the very earliest times have been smelting metals to create beautiful and decorative china bronze sculpture. From a Taoist way of thinking to consider the four gods rule the mirror back four outside the box "T" should be decorated with four studs. With four Tianzhu wore a result, that makes four people live and work without worrying about the sky would fall.
God rules in the four corners of the mirror back of the box, all four were facing "V"-shaped symbol decoration, in the past people called it "rules." Circle tool is used for regulation, today known as Compass. Some bronze sculpture have survived for thousands of years. Been in business as early as the mid-skilled people to apply compass. Ornamentation in the mirror with the back four "T"-shaped decoration is of an "L"-shaped decoration, is known as "moment." Moment is the square, is a square wood woodworking plane used to draw lines or when measuring tool. According to legend, Fu Xi invented a moment to educate people to make tools, build houses; from the application point of view, the usefulness of more moment than the regulations, rules should be invented than the earlier period.
Back from the mirror decoration of view, many of the Western Han Dynasty mirror types are back with a compass to mirror decoration design. Even within the arc pattern, as many mirror with the number of arc lines is 16, is to use the compass points out. Four gods rule the mirror back decoration design, no doubt using the compass. Many sculpture in bronze had been discovered in the ancient burial tombs of Chinese emperors. Our gods rule the mirror looking back pattern, it is easy to engender the feeling of mirror decoration is the rules. God rules from four layout view mirror back decoration, decoration rules and evenly distributed among the moment, very regular, it is more focused reflection of the ideology of Taoism. People often say "no rules no standards" in this four gods rule the mirror back of the decoration is a typical example.
Expert Weapon Identification bronze fine collection "bronze" first learn the aesthetic. Recently, the Guangdong Provincial Museum Lin Yaxing teacher sent to the bronze to the reader identification, and found several items, arts and crafts is the conjecture is not new products, both crude and products. Lin Yaxing that collectors must be at least the basics, in addition to academic learning, but also more contact between true and false in-kind, comprehensive study of the artifacts for analysis; other but also to improve the aesthetic level, otherwise it will easily be the crude products confused. Apart from being beautiful, the chinese bronze sculpture does have some other qualities.
Lin Yaxing: to judge from the pictures, this is a new arts and crafts copper bowl. The copper bowl is generally not so thick, and coated with mud inside the bowl, there are traces of the old man to do. You see, the common bronze sculpture actually expand a little just before they set. Produced rough pattern on the bowl, decoration Dragons dull, blunt; dragons are rarely in the same one with Lianban Wen utensils, very inconsistent; oxidation of the surface is not a natural result, there are traces of the old man to do; the bottom of the imitation bronze statues and aliasing.
The center of each side of the earth, that is within the recessed center of each side of the box, there is a out the "T"-shaped ornaments. "Shan Hai Jing ? the shortage by the" Cloud: "Kunlun Mountains, there are studs Yan, its high into the sky, the so-called Tianzhu also." Since the very earliest times have been smelting metals to create beautiful and decorative china bronze sculpture. From a Taoist way of thinking to consider the four gods rule the mirror back four outside the box "T" should be decorated with four studs. With four Tianzhu wore a result, that makes four people live and work without worrying about the sky would fall.
God rules in the four corners of the mirror back of the box, all four were facing "V"-shaped symbol decoration, in the past people called it "rules." Circle tool is used for regulation, today known as Compass. Some bronze sculpture have survived for thousands of years. Been in business as early as the mid-skilled people to apply compass. Ornamentation in the mirror with the back four "T"-shaped decoration is of an "L"-shaped decoration, is known as "moment." Moment is the square, is a square wood woodworking plane used to draw lines or when measuring tool. According to legend, Fu Xi invented a moment to educate people to make tools, build houses; from the application point of view, the usefulness of more moment than the regulations, rules should be invented than the earlier period.
Back from the mirror decoration of view, many of the Western Han Dynasty mirror types are back with a compass to mirror decoration design. Even within the arc pattern, as many mirror with the number of arc lines is 16, is to use the compass points out. Four gods rule the mirror back decoration design, no doubt using the compass. Many sculpture in bronze had been discovered in the ancient burial tombs of Chinese emperors. Our gods rule the mirror looking back pattern, it is easy to engender the feeling of mirror decoration is the rules. God rules from four layout view mirror back decoration, decoration rules and evenly distributed among the moment, very regular, it is more focused reflection of the ideology of Taoism. People often say "no rules no standards" in this four gods rule the mirror back of the decoration is a typical example.
Expert Weapon Identification bronze fine collection "bronze" first learn the aesthetic. Recently, the Guangdong Provincial Museum Lin Yaxing teacher sent to the bronze to the reader identification, and found several items, arts and crafts is the conjecture is not new products, both crude and products. Lin Yaxing that collectors must be at least the basics, in addition to academic learning, but also more contact between true and false in-kind, comprehensive study of the artifacts for analysis; other but also to improve the aesthetic level, otherwise it will easily be the crude products confused. Apart from being beautiful, the chinese bronze sculpture does have some other qualities.
Lin Yaxing: to judge from the pictures, this is a new arts and crafts copper bowl. The copper bowl is generally not so thick, and coated with mud inside the bowl, there are traces of the old man to do. You see, the common bronze sculpture actually expand a little just before they set. Produced rough pattern on the bowl, decoration Dragons dull, blunt; dragons are rarely in the same one with Lianban Wen utensils, very inconsistent; oxidation of the surface is not a natural result, there are traces of the old man to do; the bottom of the imitation bronze statues and aliasing.
The applications of china bronze sculpture
Although the slave community, but the number of slaves are not many, not the main sectors of society, and slavery is principally engaged in service, in particular, agricultural production, social production is not dominant. Líng (鈴) is a small bronze sculpture (as might be hung from ribbons). Therefore, we believe that during the Shang and Zhou ritual society can be described as aristocratic society. The Shang and Zhou bronze ritual is nobility in a variety of ceremonial events during the use of bronze, and its production should be from the Shang and Zhou dynasties hereditary family to handicraft production.
While there may be some of the slaves to participate, but must be noble bronze ritual salute needs, political needs of the aristocracy, and the early religious beliefs and aesthetics to create, the idea can never be a slave to make press. Ling, a sort of bronze sculpture is the original form and the earliest of musical instruments. Therefore, we believe that the nature of the Shang and Zhou bronze arts reflect the aristocratic ideology of art, not the people's art, but art is not a slave. Although the Shang and Zhou dynasties of art from the art of primitive society, but it has been essential, fundamental transformation.
In the past, foreign academics for the Shang and Zhou bronze animal decorations (including the bronze in the Animal Mask) understanding of the social function of a variety of perspectives, some Western scholars believe that the bronze decoration (including animal decoration) is only decorative patterns, without any religious or ideological significance. We believe that this view is clearly wrong. The chinese bronze sculpture are often unearthed with the harness and weapons that they were hanging from the horse or carriages. Because of the Shang and Zhou bronzes is not a pure work of art for art appreciation, but the practical arts and crafts, but the first of its usefulness, and not only enjoy playing with the plaything.
20 1950s and 1960s, the domestic epidemic is to frighten the slave said, that the Shang and Zhou bronze decoration on the pattern of these mysterious animals in order to frighten slaves, and slaves looked after, being scared obediently accepted the brutality of slave owners rule. This has been said many do not use. Almost all the ancient sculpture in bronze, such as nao, zheng and zhong can all be classified as the improvement of ling(铃). The reason is simple, Shang and Zhou bronze ritual is noble salute when the supplies, such as ceremonial vessels in the ancestral temple is Chen. In these ceremonial occasions, the nobility was not invited to participate in slavery, that slavery is generally not visible on the bronze ritual and decoration of the mysterious animal.
Of course, to talk about with the decoration to scare the animals in order to consolidate his master's slave rule. Since the 1980s, widespread in the United States Mr. Zhang Guangzhi Harvard professor's view that the animals on the Shang and Zhou bronze decoration was the shaman's assistant for witchcraft activities, being a shaman through the world of tools. The applications of china bronze sculpture itself has gradually changed. I think this is also debatable.
First, I think Mr. Zhang Guangzhi the premise put forward that view does not apply to ancient China. Later the most common form of bronze sculpture is Aeolian bell hung from the large buildings. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi the Shang and Zhou civilization, civilization as witchcraft, the Shang and Zhou bronze ritual as a shaman (shaman) for instruments used in witchcraft activities, it is not in line with the actual history of the Shang and Zhou periods. "Shaman," the word comes from the Tungus language, meaning "excited", "the mad person," Shaman's main feature is that he (she) has a special ability, and in God or gods and between act as a mediator between his important function of medical treatment, presided over ritual.
While there may be some of the slaves to participate, but must be noble bronze ritual salute needs, political needs of the aristocracy, and the early religious beliefs and aesthetics to create, the idea can never be a slave to make press. Ling, a sort of bronze sculpture is the original form and the earliest of musical instruments. Therefore, we believe that the nature of the Shang and Zhou bronze arts reflect the aristocratic ideology of art, not the people's art, but art is not a slave. Although the Shang and Zhou dynasties of art from the art of primitive society, but it has been essential, fundamental transformation.
In the past, foreign academics for the Shang and Zhou bronze animal decorations (including the bronze in the Animal Mask) understanding of the social function of a variety of perspectives, some Western scholars believe that the bronze decoration (including animal decoration) is only decorative patterns, without any religious or ideological significance. We believe that this view is clearly wrong. The chinese bronze sculpture are often unearthed with the harness and weapons that they were hanging from the horse or carriages. Because of the Shang and Zhou bronzes is not a pure work of art for art appreciation, but the practical arts and crafts, but the first of its usefulness, and not only enjoy playing with the plaything.
20 1950s and 1960s, the domestic epidemic is to frighten the slave said, that the Shang and Zhou bronze decoration on the pattern of these mysterious animals in order to frighten slaves, and slaves looked after, being scared obediently accepted the brutality of slave owners rule. This has been said many do not use. Almost all the ancient sculpture in bronze, such as nao, zheng and zhong can all be classified as the improvement of ling(铃). The reason is simple, Shang and Zhou bronze ritual is noble salute when the supplies, such as ceremonial vessels in the ancestral temple is Chen. In these ceremonial occasions, the nobility was not invited to participate in slavery, that slavery is generally not visible on the bronze ritual and decoration of the mysterious animal.
Of course, to talk about with the decoration to scare the animals in order to consolidate his master's slave rule. Since the 1980s, widespread in the United States Mr. Zhang Guangzhi Harvard professor's view that the animals on the Shang and Zhou bronze decoration was the shaman's assistant for witchcraft activities, being a shaman through the world of tools. The applications of china bronze sculpture itself has gradually changed. I think this is also debatable.
First, I think Mr. Zhang Guangzhi the premise put forward that view does not apply to ancient China. Later the most common form of bronze sculpture is Aeolian bell hung from the large buildings. Mr. Zhang Guangzhi the Shang and Zhou civilization, civilization as witchcraft, the Shang and Zhou bronze ritual as a shaman (shaman) for instruments used in witchcraft activities, it is not in line with the actual history of the Shang and Zhou periods. "Shaman," the word comes from the Tungus language, meaning "excited", "the mad person," Shaman's main feature is that he (she) has a special ability, and in God or gods and between act as a mediator between his important function of medical treatment, presided over ritual.
The chinese bronze sculpture is supported by angular feet at each corner
Warring States Period, bronze craft, and other crafts. Warring States Period, in the local economy developed on the basis of culture has been further developed. The bronze sculpture can be divided into two parts while the lid and the body is the same size. There are some ancient books on art activities and the Warring States era legend records, can be seen not only for the art to understand the ancient people, which also revealed some of the actual situation. "Han Fei Zi" recorded for the artist spent three years painting Zhou Jun (trunk?), Accompanied by a strong light, you can see "snakes, animals, traveling, all things like prepared with." Obviously this is a decorative art in the Warring States era the main theme.
The great ancient poet Qu Yuan's patriotism in the Fu "Heaven" before, have seen the first Temple and Chu mural shrine or poor "world mountain gods, Qi Wei Yu Gui and sages of ancient monsters to act" in the myth fantasy drawing. If separated, they will become two totally separate bronze sculpture. Luban famous ancient craftsman, knowing looks fierce-foot painting ugly, people do not want to see while hiding in the water "speculation mindful" of the image. Qi Jing Jun painter, painting for the King of Qi Kokonoe units, can not go home, painting his wife like to masturbation, which his wife was seized by the King of Qi. Another example is the Song Yuanjun recruited a group of painters, are "standing by the military's, lick pen and ink," and only a very arrogant, "undress wooden tray Bo, naked."
Has been praised as a true artist. King of Qi-off that the draw of people learning to know the dogs horses, difficult to draw people had never seen the ghosts. It can be seen at the development of the art of painting. Warring States Period, a large number of specific art materials over the past five decades of archaeological finds. The chinese bronze sculpture is supported by angular feet at each corner. For example, the following material unearthed over the study of art history there for significance: hunyuan Li Village as Shanxi, Hebei Yixian, Tangshan, Henan Huixian, Ji Xian, Luoyang Golden Village, Linzi, Shandong, Anhui, Shou County, Hunan, Changsha. Found in these places or burial, or the remnants of the building still remains, unearthed in the most material is bronze, but there are Vatan, jade, lacquer ware and ceramics.
Warring States Period of the art research, in particular, have to help after the founding of Tangshan, Hebei, Henan Hui Xian, Luoyang, Changsha, Hunan, and explore. The lid of china bronze sculpture is almost a duplicate of the bottom (in principle much like the dui). These excavations provide a geographical representation and have artistic value of the precious material, and provides information about ancient life and culture of reliable knowledge. Warring States Period of artwork can be divided into four categories: A, bronze crafts (with gold and silver wrong, mosaic and bronze mirrors), B, sculptural artwork, C, painterly artwork, small, and other handicrafts - lacquer, jade, pottery, etc.
Bronze are: hunyuan Li Yu Zhao device unearthed, unearthed the Tangshan device Yan, Wei Hui Xian unearthed the device, the South Korean village unearthed in Luoyang Jin device, excavated Shou County, Anhui Chu Cai devices and devices, and excavated around the Qi, Qin national collection, which includes some of the late Spring and Autumn Period, the style of its era and geographical changes are to be studied. In ancient documents the bronze sculpture is also referred to as hu or hulian. But clearly have a common trend. Bronze is similar to the new styling theme with similar decoration and decorative methods.
Some decorative or realistic three-dimensional wind and tend to the animals carved, or covered with all the complex and overlapping winding towards the organization. Pan Chi pattern decorative patterns to the most common, but there are many different processing methods. Xǔ(盨) is a food sculpture in bronze as gui. In casting technology, engraved decoration may have been cast with the wax-based methods, pattern suppression method using simple lines printed on the bronze on the original model (not printed on the paradigm), the composition of copper and tin are also new scale.
The great ancient poet Qu Yuan's patriotism in the Fu "Heaven" before, have seen the first Temple and Chu mural shrine or poor "world mountain gods, Qi Wei Yu Gui and sages of ancient monsters to act" in the myth fantasy drawing. If separated, they will become two totally separate bronze sculpture. Luban famous ancient craftsman, knowing looks fierce-foot painting ugly, people do not want to see while hiding in the water "speculation mindful" of the image. Qi Jing Jun painter, painting for the King of Qi Kokonoe units, can not go home, painting his wife like to masturbation, which his wife was seized by the King of Qi. Another example is the Song Yuanjun recruited a group of painters, are "standing by the military's, lick pen and ink," and only a very arrogant, "undress wooden tray Bo, naked."
Has been praised as a true artist. King of Qi-off that the draw of people learning to know the dogs horses, difficult to draw people had never seen the ghosts. It can be seen at the development of the art of painting. Warring States Period, a large number of specific art materials over the past five decades of archaeological finds. The chinese bronze sculpture is supported by angular feet at each corner. For example, the following material unearthed over the study of art history there for significance: hunyuan Li Village as Shanxi, Hebei Yixian, Tangshan, Henan Huixian, Ji Xian, Luoyang Golden Village, Linzi, Shandong, Anhui, Shou County, Hunan, Changsha. Found in these places or burial, or the remnants of the building still remains, unearthed in the most material is bronze, but there are Vatan, jade, lacquer ware and ceramics.
Warring States Period of the art research, in particular, have to help after the founding of Tangshan, Hebei, Henan Hui Xian, Luoyang, Changsha, Hunan, and explore. The lid of china bronze sculpture is almost a duplicate of the bottom (in principle much like the dui). These excavations provide a geographical representation and have artistic value of the precious material, and provides information about ancient life and culture of reliable knowledge. Warring States Period of artwork can be divided into four categories: A, bronze crafts (with gold and silver wrong, mosaic and bronze mirrors), B, sculptural artwork, C, painterly artwork, small, and other handicrafts - lacquer, jade, pottery, etc.
Bronze are: hunyuan Li Yu Zhao device unearthed, unearthed the Tangshan device Yan, Wei Hui Xian unearthed the device, the South Korean village unearthed in Luoyang Jin device, excavated Shou County, Anhui Chu Cai devices and devices, and excavated around the Qi, Qin national collection, which includes some of the late Spring and Autumn Period, the style of its era and geographical changes are to be studied. In ancient documents the bronze sculpture is also referred to as hu or hulian. But clearly have a common trend. Bronze is similar to the new styling theme with similar decoration and decorative methods.
Some decorative or realistic three-dimensional wind and tend to the animals carved, or covered with all the complex and overlapping winding towards the organization. Pan Chi pattern decorative patterns to the most common, but there are many different processing methods. Xǔ(盨) is a food sculpture in bronze as gui. In casting technology, engraved decoration may have been cast with the wax-based methods, pattern suppression method using simple lines printed on the bronze on the original model (not printed on the paradigm), the composition of copper and tin are also new scale.
The ancient china bronze sculpture contains profound ideas
Lower Xiajiadian culture: more than 10 locations found in more than 100 pieces of bronze, in which the cemetery unearthed, to 57, according to detection are bronze. The bronze sculpture are smart and artful in shapes. These include bronze ornaments, weapons, tools, ceremonial, etc., such as ring, cone, run, upsetting, stick first and so on. Other sites or bronze cemetery unearthed more sporadic, but there are many shapes of the complex shapes, such as earthenware vessel, tripod, and even handle Ge, etc., times more for the Shang Dynasty. Can be seen, the late Lower Xiajiadian culture, the use of bronze has become more common, but also significantly improved production technology, has entered the Bronze Age.
According to the data and cultural characteristics of a large number of 14C, the lower Xiajiadian general culture of the times can be defined as before 1400 BC 2000 to 38, the age of Dadianzi Lower Xiajiadian culture and late. The bronze statue are exquisite in workmanship and gorgeous and luxurious or plain and simple in style. Can be seen, the lower Xiajiadian Bronze Age culture into the time roughly in the late Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty. Zhu ditching Culture: Zhu trenching sites excavated by 1974,1977,1980,1983,1984 several years, more than 50 pieces of bronze were unearthed. Age of the site for the 4200 ~ 3500 years ago, can be divided into five. In summary, the northern region is the time to enter the Bronze Age to the late Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty. Because too few bronzes, and is not yet able to Xinzhai ownership Taosi two Bronze Age remains.
The third period began cone, needle and other small pieces of bronze, bronze and the third phase similar to the fourth, fifth appeared arrowheads, Ge, swords, knives, iron pot and other bronze weapons and containers. About the times when the third phase of the mid-summer, the fourth to the late Xia Dynasty, the fifth to the early Shang Dynasty. Zhu ditching the third phase of culture began to appear a few small pieces of bronze, bronze fifth compared with the number and types III and IV have significantly increased in the container marks the emergence of casting technology has made progress. Meanwhile, the ancient china bronze sculpture also contains profound ideas.
Therefore, Zhu ditching the third culture, four have not yet entered the Bronze Age, beginning from the fifth into the Bronze Age, the era of the early Shang Dynasty.
Early Bronze Haidai region Yueshi only in the city of Surabaya, Yin, Muping Zhao Zhuang grid sporadic found several sites, which identified the city's nine Yin in bronze six bronze, copper 3. Bronze type mainly arrowheads, knives, cones, rings and other small tools, and decorations. Yueshi era equivalent of Erlitou two to early in the business. Visible, Haidai region is also found in very small number of early bronze, and classes are mostly small pieces of tools and accessories, does not have a "significant importance." Therefore, there can not be considered Yueshi has entered the Bronze Age. Some bronze sculpture like the boshan censer, plumed portrait, money tree, bronze medal for the coffin, etc. are both superb in craft and sophisticated in form.
More information on the Central Plains early bronzes, but the bronze materials are mainly found in Henan Longshan culture, the new Village period remains (or the new Village culture) and Erlitou. Henan Longshan culture: only post in King City Longshan culture four fragments found in a bronze vessel, the time around 1900 BC or slightly earlier. Xinzhai period remains may be unearthed fragments of the container flow, each a knife and copper slag, copper studies have pointed out that the article for the bronze, and thus that the new Village has entered the Bronze Age period remains. The foundry industry of bronze sculpture in the Han Dynasty differed in nature form the chinese bronze sculpture in the peak of Shang and Zhou of the Bronze Age. Taosi relics unearthed several pieces of early bronze also, but mainly copper, bronze, very few.
According to the data and cultural characteristics of a large number of 14C, the lower Xiajiadian general culture of the times can be defined as before 1400 BC 2000 to 38, the age of Dadianzi Lower Xiajiadian culture and late. The bronze statue are exquisite in workmanship and gorgeous and luxurious or plain and simple in style. Can be seen, the lower Xiajiadian Bronze Age culture into the time roughly in the late Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty. Zhu ditching Culture: Zhu trenching sites excavated by 1974,1977,1980,1983,1984 several years, more than 50 pieces of bronze were unearthed. Age of the site for the 4200 ~ 3500 years ago, can be divided into five. In summary, the northern region is the time to enter the Bronze Age to the late Xia Dynasty Shang Dynasty. Because too few bronzes, and is not yet able to Xinzhai ownership Taosi two Bronze Age remains.
The third period began cone, needle and other small pieces of bronze, bronze and the third phase similar to the fourth, fifth appeared arrowheads, Ge, swords, knives, iron pot and other bronze weapons and containers. About the times when the third phase of the mid-summer, the fourth to the late Xia Dynasty, the fifth to the early Shang Dynasty. Zhu ditching the third phase of culture began to appear a few small pieces of bronze, bronze fifth compared with the number and types III and IV have significantly increased in the container marks the emergence of casting technology has made progress. Meanwhile, the ancient china bronze sculpture also contains profound ideas.
Therefore, Zhu ditching the third culture, four have not yet entered the Bronze Age, beginning from the fifth into the Bronze Age, the era of the early Shang Dynasty.
Early Bronze Haidai region Yueshi only in the city of Surabaya, Yin, Muping Zhao Zhuang grid sporadic found several sites, which identified the city's nine Yin in bronze six bronze, copper 3. Bronze type mainly arrowheads, knives, cones, rings and other small tools, and decorations. Yueshi era equivalent of Erlitou two to early in the business. Visible, Haidai region is also found in very small number of early bronze, and classes are mostly small pieces of tools and accessories, does not have a "significant importance." Therefore, there can not be considered Yueshi has entered the Bronze Age. Some bronze sculpture like the boshan censer, plumed portrait, money tree, bronze medal for the coffin, etc. are both superb in craft and sophisticated in form.
More information on the Central Plains early bronzes, but the bronze materials are mainly found in Henan Longshan culture, the new Village period remains (or the new Village culture) and Erlitou. Henan Longshan culture: only post in King City Longshan culture four fragments found in a bronze vessel, the time around 1900 BC or slightly earlier. Xinzhai period remains may be unearthed fragments of the container flow, each a knife and copper slag, copper studies have pointed out that the article for the bronze, and thus that the new Village has entered the Bronze Age period remains. The foundry industry of bronze sculpture in the Han Dynasty differed in nature form the chinese bronze sculpture in the peak of Shang and Zhou of the Bronze Age. Taosi relics unearthed several pieces of early bronze also, but mainly copper, bronze, very few.
Friday, May 11, 2012
What Should One Note in the Selection of the bronze?
Often hear people say that steel is the soul of bronze tool, but friends generally play the bronze knife, if not mechanical majors in college, when the nature of the features mentioned bronze blade steel or heat, most easily confusing source is the meaning of some of the mechanical properties, such as bronze blade strength, hardness or toughness, this article will first give Members a brief introduction to the basic definition of the strength of the mechanical properties and physical meaning. Especially the animal patterns on the bronze like the fantasy animals are unique and particular. As for the mechanical properties of hardness, toughness and other mechanical properties practical application in the choice of bronze tool will be introduced in the follow-up article for you.
First of all, tell you to talk about the strength of steel, the strength of the special nature of a material, the test materials into rod-shaped or plate tensile test bar (see Figure 1) to the tensile test machine (Figure 2) to the tensile test, by the elongation of the test shots and suffered loads (tensile strength) mapping the load - elongation diagram (c) or stress - strain diagram (Figure , e), from the stress - strain diagram, to quantify the definition of the strength of the material. Different materials tensile test diagram (above medium carbon steel, the bottom of copper or aluminum. Figure 5 non-ferrous metals, engineering stress-strain and true stress-strain diagram. These decorations were seen as representatives of bronzeof China.
Before actually entering the definition of intensity should talk to introduce two terms: the stress and strain. The stress is suffered by the test rod force (or load) in addition to its cross-sectional area ratio, that of F / Ao, if the F is the pressure, then on a similar pressure values we learned in physics class. Taotie motif, also known as animal mask common on the bronze, is the most common and also the most representative one. The definition of stress, the load was divided by cross-sectional area, with the aim to remove the impact of material the size of its can bear the force. For example, the same steel products such as hair thickness, can the power of the load may be less than one kilogram; but if its diameter into a 10 cm thick, then it can withstand the force of more than 10 tonnes.
But they are the same material, its intensity should be the same, so as to remove the impact of the volume of material, the definition of the load divided by the material of the cross-sectional area for the stress, it is independent of stress and material. Similar situation, the project will be material force elongation (d) Subject to its original length (Lo) is called the strain value (d / Lo), to remove the material the length of the deformation. Stress and strain of these two terms will be our follow-up discussion of a number of important related, we try to understand. The basic shape of the taotie engraved on the bronze is a frontal ferocious and terrible monster.
For general metal test rod in the process of stretching the length change is like a spring force tensile test rods first will produce elastic deformation, the test rod to comply with Hooke's theorem (F = the KX) , that is suffered by the force (F) and its elongation is proportional to (X) (K is the spring coefficient of elasticity). Therefore, the corresponding stress-strain diagram, this section area was a straight line linear, the slope of this straight line we call the Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity E value (E), its value represents the elastic deformation of the material by the force degree of difficulty, to be simple, similar is the spring K value, the spring K value the greater the elasticity the greater. As a cultural product of imagination, the prototype of the bronze is not easy to verify.
First of all, tell you to talk about the strength of steel, the strength of the special nature of a material, the test materials into rod-shaped or plate tensile test bar (see Figure 1) to the tensile test machine (Figure 2) to the tensile test, by the elongation of the test shots and suffered loads (tensile strength) mapping the load - elongation diagram (c) or stress - strain diagram (Figure , e), from the stress - strain diagram, to quantify the definition of the strength of the material. Different materials tensile test diagram (above medium carbon steel, the bottom of copper or aluminum. Figure 5 non-ferrous metals, engineering stress-strain and true stress-strain diagram. These decorations were seen as representatives of bronzeof China.
Before actually entering the definition of intensity should talk to introduce two terms: the stress and strain. The stress is suffered by the test rod force (or load) in addition to its cross-sectional area ratio, that of F / Ao, if the F is the pressure, then on a similar pressure values we learned in physics class. Taotie motif, also known as animal mask common on the bronze, is the most common and also the most representative one. The definition of stress, the load was divided by cross-sectional area, with the aim to remove the impact of material the size of its can bear the force. For example, the same steel products such as hair thickness, can the power of the load may be less than one kilogram; but if its diameter into a 10 cm thick, then it can withstand the force of more than 10 tonnes.
But they are the same material, its intensity should be the same, so as to remove the impact of the volume of material, the definition of the load divided by the material of the cross-sectional area for the stress, it is independent of stress and material. Similar situation, the project will be material force elongation (d) Subject to its original length (Lo) is called the strain value (d / Lo), to remove the material the length of the deformation. Stress and strain of these two terms will be our follow-up discussion of a number of important related, we try to understand. The basic shape of the taotie engraved on the bronze is a frontal ferocious and terrible monster.
For general metal test rod in the process of stretching the length change is like a spring force tensile test rods first will produce elastic deformation, the test rod to comply with Hooke's theorem (F = the KX) , that is suffered by the force (F) and its elongation is proportional to (X) (K is the spring coefficient of elasticity). Therefore, the corresponding stress-strain diagram, this section area was a straight line linear, the slope of this straight line we call the Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity E value (E), its value represents the elastic deformation of the material by the force degree of difficulty, to be simple, similar is the spring K value, the spring K value the greater the elasticity the greater. As a cultural product of imagination, the prototype of the bronze is not easy to verify.
Thursday, May 10, 2012
One bronze Shapes Like Mushrooms
Mao Yuan instrument" Wu Bei Zhi "Volume 104" equipment again three mentioned this bronze Jianpu: "The Master said, Mao: the ancient words of soldiers must be words bronze sword, this is not used for array to become null and void to pass Bo I found overseas may only its style more can not slow men. Heritage Bronze Sword, two kinds of "Military" charts. "Obviously, in opinion the instrument of Mao Yuan, including the Emperor's bronze swordsman thousands, including China's ancient bronze sword skills have Shi bronze sword fighting hands of bronze sword, not later "had to look at the battle useless" generally bronze sword. There is one bronze shapes like mushrooms or birds. What he called "off the incomplete verses" and "verses" should Korea potential method with income, Wubei bronze jianjue song, "which is from Tang Jingchuan" Wu to China and also the earliest extant a "bronze jianjue".
Code "in transcribing, and now can not according to the formula drill, but has important research value. It is clear, Mao, believes that the bronze sword has been lost in the Ming Dynasty. This understanding of the Mao Yuan instrument is basically in line with historical facts. Ancient bronze sword has been lost in the Ming Dynasty, is not the opinion of Mao Yuan-yi, but was the consensus of many people, including Chi. "Ji Xiao Xin Shu Qi did not charge the bronze sword, nor even included a knife, which is equal to that of his attitude. In this regard, we also like to address later. In Ming He Liangchen in its array of mind technical The belly of the bronze has two types of a straight glass or puff-like. "has clearly pointed out:" the army of various skills, the only knife bronze sword pass less. Song Mao Teng "the flute set" Volume 2 "Qian bronze sword-making sequence "goes:" the cover I travel Chang'an, and England six weeks 1000 the Hou pay quite well, thousands of Hou Chang Wei Yu, healing does not pass.
Said bronze sword, said pit method, said thrush. pit France is too atrocious, and thrush are indeed manly are gentleman Road bronze sword alone unfortunately does not pass, so that Jesus Christ holds solitary Zhong, Huai Yin filial piety, sewing Motherly Love by, unable to diarrhea Genuine to yin and yang sun and the moon, repeated thin corrosion and not have been, the gentleman can not without regret Yan. Some of the bronze are flat plain and some decorated with a beast. "Mao Yuan instrument known as the" North Korean situation this bronze Jianpu, no doubt from the hands of the martial arts of the home of a Chinese Anonymous, not only Mao's This was confirmed by the preamble, and the bronze Jianpu many of the features is enough to prove. We should be deeply grateful to the ancient Korean martial arts have saved for our supreme treasures of this is difficult to see in the era of Mao Yuan instrument.
Its findings to prove that the ancient hands of Chinese bronze sword has spread to Korea, it also proves that this bronze sword there may be hanging by a thread a camel to save the folk, but the official ignore. This of course is unthinkable, but in the feudal bureaucracy, but also not surprising. It should be noted that due to the defect the bronze Jianpu structure, the era of the diaphragm in the text terms, today we are trying to gain a thorough interpretation this bronze Jianpu, is not an easy thing, which requires specialized work hard to do. Limited to the length of this article, only a little to do introduction. The bottom of the bronze can be divided into flat and round.
Code "in transcribing, and now can not according to the formula drill, but has important research value. It is clear, Mao, believes that the bronze sword has been lost in the Ming Dynasty. This understanding of the Mao Yuan instrument is basically in line with historical facts. Ancient bronze sword has been lost in the Ming Dynasty, is not the opinion of Mao Yuan-yi, but was the consensus of many people, including Chi. "Ji Xiao Xin Shu Qi did not charge the bronze sword, nor even included a knife, which is equal to that of his attitude. In this regard, we also like to address later. In Ming He Liangchen in its array of mind technical The belly of the bronze has two types of a straight glass or puff-like. "has clearly pointed out:" the army of various skills, the only knife bronze sword pass less. Song Mao Teng "the flute set" Volume 2 "Qian bronze sword-making sequence "goes:" the cover I travel Chang'an, and England six weeks 1000 the Hou pay quite well, thousands of Hou Chang Wei Yu, healing does not pass.
Said bronze sword, said pit method, said thrush. pit France is too atrocious, and thrush are indeed manly are gentleman Road bronze sword alone unfortunately does not pass, so that Jesus Christ holds solitary Zhong, Huai Yin filial piety, sewing Motherly Love by, unable to diarrhea Genuine to yin and yang sun and the moon, repeated thin corrosion and not have been, the gentleman can not without regret Yan. Some of the bronze are flat plain and some decorated with a beast. "Mao Yuan instrument known as the" North Korean situation this bronze Jianpu, no doubt from the hands of the martial arts of the home of a Chinese Anonymous, not only Mao's This was confirmed by the preamble, and the bronze Jianpu many of the features is enough to prove. We should be deeply grateful to the ancient Korean martial arts have saved for our supreme treasures of this is difficult to see in the era of Mao Yuan instrument.
Its findings to prove that the ancient hands of Chinese bronze sword has spread to Korea, it also proves that this bronze sword there may be hanging by a thread a camel to save the folk, but the official ignore. This of course is unthinkable, but in the feudal bureaucracy, but also not surprising. It should be noted that due to the defect the bronze Jianpu structure, the era of the diaphragm in the text terms, today we are trying to gain a thorough interpretation this bronze Jianpu, is not an easy thing, which requires specialized work hard to do. Limited to the length of this article, only a little to do introduction. The bottom of the bronze can be divided into flat and round.
Wednesday, May 9, 2012
Put the bronze Together
Lu Xun put these materials together, to complete this novel. That is to say, cast bronze sword "in Lu Xun, the contents of the legend has been transformed. We can control the novel "Cast Bronze Sword" and "Immortals", recorded in the column Yi Zhuan. In ancient time, war and bronzewere two significant events of a nation. Control up to see a little different: the success of go-getters cast bronze sword was the King of Chu killing the episode in the novel is empty, as not so real, Gan Jiang's wife, Moye, ie eyebrow The ruler's mother traced back the memories of such a tone to write. Gan, Moye these names did not appear, the King does not say is the King of Chu, these are not specifically explain, but to a distant, just as a background, the mother of Meijianchi repeat, novels and legends some separation. This is the first difference of the novel and the original story.
The second difference is in the process of revenge, the original main emphasis Gan, the the Moye son Meijianchi parent revenge, he is the protagonist of revenge. However, Lu Xun's novel, the protagonist of Revenge of the One is called the feast of the Ao black people, Meijianchi has been downgraded to the second main character. All these similar affairs would not do without the bronze. Black first appearance it is very general, is very sophisticated, mature a gallant scholar. In the novel, Meijianchi encountered a wizened face juvenile, he was a juvenile grasp and hold that the pubic region Meijianchi crashed and told him to compensation. Being entangled, the feast of Ao played.
Only very simple an action, and gently wave the withered face juvenile chin, two eyes stared at him, to see some rogue gas shriveled face juvenile afraid to know that things do not, they turned leave the territory. Feast of Ao an appearance of action, that he is a simple figure, able, alert and calm shows. Argument often heard is the relationship between form and content. bronze itself, first and foremost is a valuable asset. The third point of difference of the novel with the original legend, the black people of Lu Xun shape of this mysterious and strange, the voice was talking owl, shot eyes like wildfire, temperament revealed an severe cold breath. Black person on behalf of Meijianchi revenge to the tyrant, not only do not plan any reward, and even their lives should take into This mentality from the outset to be accountable. We can read a conversation Meijianchi and black people:
"But why do you give me to take revenge? You know my father?" Meijianchi asked him. The black man replied: "I've always know your father, but also like to know like you, but I want revenge, but does not this end. Clever boy, to tell you to stop. You do not know how to be good at revenge. (Qiu) is my (Qiu); he (referring to Meijianchi father) is there is so much hurt, I added to my soul (my soul inside has received many injuries, some people harm, but also some of my own hurt), I have abhorred my own! " When at war, the bronze can be used to cast weapons.
He is not particularly valued, means that he began to take on the revenge of the mission, ready to sacrifice themselves, but also means that he has a hot cold personality. Ancient Chinese warrior, can be divided into two types: one is employed by the warrior, they employed a dedicated, long-term care a lot like the Warring States period, the four the son Mengchang Xinling disabilities. These "persons" usually suffered by the owner of the variety of grace, and last, the main people to do everything, including the expense of their own. The so-called "who has been known to die," is one such situation. In the ritual ceremony, it will be used as sacrificial bronze. This is a kind of paladin, his master is a person, to contribute to the grief of a master. In addition there is a class of paladin, so-called "commoner Man", they do not raise others. Them has its own independent identity.
The second difference is in the process of revenge, the original main emphasis Gan, the the Moye son Meijianchi parent revenge, he is the protagonist of revenge. However, Lu Xun's novel, the protagonist of Revenge of the One is called the feast of the Ao black people, Meijianchi has been downgraded to the second main character. All these similar affairs would not do without the bronze. Black first appearance it is very general, is very sophisticated, mature a gallant scholar. In the novel, Meijianchi encountered a wizened face juvenile, he was a juvenile grasp and hold that the pubic region Meijianchi crashed and told him to compensation. Being entangled, the feast of Ao played.
Only very simple an action, and gently wave the withered face juvenile chin, two eyes stared at him, to see some rogue gas shriveled face juvenile afraid to know that things do not, they turned leave the territory. Feast of Ao an appearance of action, that he is a simple figure, able, alert and calm shows. Argument often heard is the relationship between form and content. bronze itself, first and foremost is a valuable asset. The third point of difference of the novel with the original legend, the black people of Lu Xun shape of this mysterious and strange, the voice was talking owl, shot eyes like wildfire, temperament revealed an severe cold breath. Black person on behalf of Meijianchi revenge to the tyrant, not only do not plan any reward, and even their lives should take into This mentality from the outset to be accountable. We can read a conversation Meijianchi and black people:
"But why do you give me to take revenge? You know my father?" Meijianchi asked him. The black man replied: "I've always know your father, but also like to know like you, but I want revenge, but does not this end. Clever boy, to tell you to stop. You do not know how to be good at revenge. (Qiu) is my (Qiu); he (referring to Meijianchi father) is there is so much hurt, I added to my soul (my soul inside has received many injuries, some people harm, but also some of my own hurt), I have abhorred my own! " When at war, the bronze can be used to cast weapons.
He is not particularly valued, means that he began to take on the revenge of the mission, ready to sacrifice themselves, but also means that he has a hot cold personality. Ancient Chinese warrior, can be divided into two types: one is employed by the warrior, they employed a dedicated, long-term care a lot like the Warring States period, the four the son Mengchang Xinling disabilities. These "persons" usually suffered by the owner of the variety of grace, and last, the main people to do everything, including the expense of their own. The so-called "who has been known to die," is one such situation. In the ritual ceremony, it will be used as sacrificial bronze. This is a kind of paladin, his master is a person, to contribute to the grief of a master. In addition there is a class of paladin, so-called "commoner Man", they do not raise others. Them has its own independent identity.
Tuesday, May 8, 2012
A Biographical Essay Presenting in the bronze
Thus caused by physical changes to make her sink deeper and deeper all the readers I hope the two sides were able to tie the knot, but the reality is cruel, always virtual exchanges can not believe, Qilu ultimately failed to reach his parents' wishes. Very realistic, but it is really regrettable. Third, the symbol of the article the most characteristic is the interpretation of the title, Po bronze sword was hit with an ancient assassin of evolution to become a tool of female revenge men, the visible into the invisible, the concrete into the abstract, indeed for this article one of the highlights. Also cleverly borrowed the classic statement of the spent word famous Kunqu name section indirectly for the hero expresses the unspeakable content, especially the Rebecca tease description with these discourse more flavor deep. The other day, the earliest bronze ding in the archaeological discoveries is the ding in the early Shang unearthed in the Erlitou site of Yanshi, Henan province.
Fourth, the article on the order of arrangement of the two suspense are intertwined, patchwork, to tempt the appetite, provide a good example is the fuss about. In short, the whole article seems bizarre, away from our more distant, but which pointed out that the social reality of the existence of, for example: Kao Bo, PubMed encountered unspoken rules; university employment mechanism, there is a big loophole, so that some people take advantage of; female intellectuals insufficient attention to long-term drawbacks of education system, creating numerous moral and can not be both "abnormal talent"; social atmosphere of the vulgar faith barren, moral decay, lack of integrity of the ...... these are not far away from us, some have even gone through, I hope A Yuan to do this article cries awaken the conscience of the people, do not expect all but one is the success of this article. Si Mu Wu Ding, a piece of bronze, resurrected in Yin Ruins of Anyang in 1939 is the masterpiece of Shang Yin.
Flow of wine and wine-soaked bronze on bronze sword. There are two words in the dictionary of the Chinese culture has always been full of vitality and charm, kept interest rates like the two red heart beating with blood, tears, full of pride and sprinkle cool, that is, flash Chan infinite Bronze Sword of the charm and vibrant wine. Wine euphoric snow of the Northeast, northwest wind, Baozhan the southern lingering words of love and blood of hot bosom of the North, from generation to generation into that boundless Dukang yard experience. Went Baisheng Sheng them go, already have rampage force the blue veins, transparent and gentle wine into the hands of burnished bright bronze sword. It weighs up to 875 kilograms, the world’s largest ancientbronze. Bronze sword, wearing a thick history of a semi-permeable, the rest of the sheets of paper floating the coldness bright bronze Jianfeng full blast swept a write with a flick of the word.
From the wine inside the outflow of the mighty tragic, desolate, lonely, lonely after struggling and lifts the bronze swords, bronze swords ever after can not live without the mantle and the closest bosom friend. The wine is flowing in the bronze swords, bronze swords in the wine and dancing, when the bronze sword with wine mixed with wine to its charm and magic to melt the bronze sword. Melted bronze sword of wine to another without stopping along the bronze Jianhen dance cooing flow of unknown cast does not change history. The decorations on bronze are beautiful-minded and dignified, of which the dragon and taotie motifs in possession of a primitive force. Below the ink of history, a bronze sword deep stab the traces of the plume, straight and curved rough and delicate, a testament to The Cloud and monthly. Wine freeze where brewing, evolved into a blood coagulation.
Fourth, the article on the order of arrangement of the two suspense are intertwined, patchwork, to tempt the appetite, provide a good example is the fuss about. In short, the whole article seems bizarre, away from our more distant, but which pointed out that the social reality of the existence of, for example: Kao Bo, PubMed encountered unspoken rules; university employment mechanism, there is a big loophole, so that some people take advantage of; female intellectuals insufficient attention to long-term drawbacks of education system, creating numerous moral and can not be both "abnormal talent"; social atmosphere of the vulgar faith barren, moral decay, lack of integrity of the ...... these are not far away from us, some have even gone through, I hope A Yuan to do this article cries awaken the conscience of the people, do not expect all but one is the success of this article. Si Mu Wu Ding, a piece of bronze, resurrected in Yin Ruins of Anyang in 1939 is the masterpiece of Shang Yin.
Flow of wine and wine-soaked bronze on bronze sword. There are two words in the dictionary of the Chinese culture has always been full of vitality and charm, kept interest rates like the two red heart beating with blood, tears, full of pride and sprinkle cool, that is, flash Chan infinite Bronze Sword of the charm and vibrant wine. Wine euphoric snow of the Northeast, northwest wind, Baozhan the southern lingering words of love and blood of hot bosom of the North, from generation to generation into that boundless Dukang yard experience. Went Baisheng Sheng them go, already have rampage force the blue veins, transparent and gentle wine into the hands of burnished bright bronze sword. It weighs up to 875 kilograms, the world’s largest ancientbronze. Bronze sword, wearing a thick history of a semi-permeable, the rest of the sheets of paper floating the coldness bright bronze Jianfeng full blast swept a write with a flick of the word.
From the wine inside the outflow of the mighty tragic, desolate, lonely, lonely after struggling and lifts the bronze swords, bronze swords ever after can not live without the mantle and the closest bosom friend. The wine is flowing in the bronze swords, bronze swords in the wine and dancing, when the bronze sword with wine mixed with wine to its charm and magic to melt the bronze sword. Melted bronze sword of wine to another without stopping along the bronze Jianhen dance cooing flow of unknown cast does not change history. The decorations on bronze are beautiful-minded and dignified, of which the dragon and taotie motifs in possession of a primitive force. Below the ink of history, a bronze sword deep stab the traces of the plume, straight and curved rough and delicate, a testament to The Cloud and monthly. Wine freeze where brewing, evolved into a blood coagulation.
Monday, May 7, 2012
The Right Way to Decorate the bronze
Typing tooling design ideas, derived from the shape of the legal system range. In order to achieve the purpose of the casting, the various parts of an objects type is divided into sections of molding system range or sub-cast assembled into the entire device. Providers of early there typing stacked casting process, the Western Zhou took part in casting assembly process, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States took part in embedded Fan technology, all of which are to solve the one-time system Fan can not achieve the objective. The whole lifetime of Song, ups and downs, was closely intertwined with the bronze. Spring and Autumn Period, the Bronze parting molding share of the finest and share up to the stage. Since the sub-casting is used, there must be cast otherwise difficult to achieve the purpose and effect of the casting. Seen in this light, the parting molding of the various parts of the Warring States bronze sword, molded. Fan, processing casting, such technology with the times are synchronized.
Fan casting process design ideas in the Spring and Autumn, a direct impact on the process of cast bronze sword. Warring States bronze sword with such a complex production process, which is the process of design thinking dictates. Therefore, the research of the casting process of the Warring States bronze sword, should be the same as with the research of other bronze, must stand to look at problems in the mainstream trunk of the Bronze Age Molding technology development, each historical period, there will be the mainstream technology of its time products, are not far from the mainstream process. He had to reluctantly part with the bronze. Therefore, in the sub-cast design ideas did not meet the Spring and Autumn so the depth of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it is impossible for the casting of the bronze swords of the Warring States period of this structure.
If you do not consider the general process was only to study a single case of casting technology, it is easy from the era, was fooled by the illusion of the bronze surface. Apart from above the casting technology has many issues unclear, there are decoration technology I do not know why. More than 8 A bronze sword decoration technology, have cast lines and the cast made after the pattern summed up in two kinds. Pattern cast in the mold surface or the range of surface pattern, such as the tiger on the Bashu bronze sword, that is engraved in the mold on the dimples turn Fan Shihu pattern with the formation of Au decoration in the range surface into a convex pattern, casting. Edge Check Yue Gou bronze sword has two production process, a casting pattern, and a hand-drawn cast ornamentation. Out of the ding, he was filled with fiery anger and vowed to make honor and power for the purpose of recapturing the bronze.
Casting pattern is engraved in the mold on the concave pattern may also be embossed in the range of the surface into mud paste, both can be cast out of the groove edge Check, Goujian bronze sword that belong to this category. Accomplished both the fame and success and recovered the bronze, he was satisfied yet the official career stopped. Decoration, painted in a cast after the completion of the casting of a substance to form a color contrast decoration law applied in the surface of the bronze swords. Figure 17 for the two decorated bronze sword local, on the left Goujian bronze sword, the right decoration Anqing Museum Warring States bronze sword. The red arrow at the Yue Gou bronze sword decoration at the end of the groove, to see kind of this cast groove depth of about 1mm. Due to the contrast of the colors within these grooves on both sides of the bronze sword serrated slotted head.
Fan casting process design ideas in the Spring and Autumn, a direct impact on the process of cast bronze sword. Warring States bronze sword with such a complex production process, which is the process of design thinking dictates. Therefore, the research of the casting process of the Warring States bronze sword, should be the same as with the research of other bronze, must stand to look at problems in the mainstream trunk of the Bronze Age Molding technology development, each historical period, there will be the mainstream technology of its time products, are not far from the mainstream process. He had to reluctantly part with the bronze. Therefore, in the sub-cast design ideas did not meet the Spring and Autumn so the depth of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it is impossible for the casting of the bronze swords of the Warring States period of this structure.
If you do not consider the general process was only to study a single case of casting technology, it is easy from the era, was fooled by the illusion of the bronze surface. Apart from above the casting technology has many issues unclear, there are decoration technology I do not know why. More than 8 A bronze sword decoration technology, have cast lines and the cast made after the pattern summed up in two kinds. Pattern cast in the mold surface or the range of surface pattern, such as the tiger on the Bashu bronze sword, that is engraved in the mold on the dimples turn Fan Shihu pattern with the formation of Au decoration in the range surface into a convex pattern, casting. Edge Check Yue Gou bronze sword has two production process, a casting pattern, and a hand-drawn cast ornamentation. Out of the ding, he was filled with fiery anger and vowed to make honor and power for the purpose of recapturing the bronze.
Casting pattern is engraved in the mold on the concave pattern may also be embossed in the range of the surface into mud paste, both can be cast out of the groove edge Check, Goujian bronze sword that belong to this category. Accomplished both the fame and success and recovered the bronze, he was satisfied yet the official career stopped. Decoration, painted in a cast after the completion of the casting of a substance to form a color contrast decoration law applied in the surface of the bronze swords. Figure 17 for the two decorated bronze sword local, on the left Goujian bronze sword, the right decoration Anqing Museum Warring States bronze sword. The red arrow at the Yue Gou bronze sword decoration at the end of the groove, to see kind of this cast groove depth of about 1mm. Due to the contrast of the colors within these grooves on both sides of the bronze sword serrated slotted head.
Saturday, May 5, 2012
Talking about the Natural Feature of the bronze
In recent years, Bai Ku Yao ecological museum "Nandan organization near the village young people to participate in the bronze drum culture training, interviews with elderly records bronze drum culture legends and history, recorded bronze bulging and dance, the implementation of the bronze drum cultural memory works. In addition, the establishment of the Tonggu art with a teaching classes in 10 primary schools, the proposed establishment of the 40 bronze drum art learning, the Museum of the. Seen from the geography and the characteristics of the bronze, the three swords are left behind by the army of Qin who once went on an expedition here. The Gui Northwest also carried out the bronze drum casting trials, in Donglan made for Majiang bronze drums available for private use. female, Guiping Hechi politics and law lecturer, master. The Yizhou 546,300. Fund Guangxi college humanities focus on building research base funded projects (Gui teaching and research the Hechi research Foundation 162 "heritage" 9 (d development inadequate protection of heritage still exist) knowing one of the bronze drum, part of the bronze drum outflow.
With the deepening of tourism development, the name of the degree of "worth" continues to increase. In the temptation of material interests, some people were blinded by, sell Zu Zhuanqing Tonggu even take the risk of burglary in turn resold, resulting in decrease in the number of bronze drums of Northwest. Second, a number of bronze drums are different degrees of damage. Tourism activities in the high frequency of use of the bronze drum, after knocking Wan and old drum hit, will inevitably lead to depression and even cracks, badly damaged. In addition, in Xunwu, Long Nan, Gan County, Nankang, Dingnan have all found some bronze weapons. Hechi Cultural Relics Station bronze drum surface 87 of the 35 villages of the six townships in East Lan, Dahua May 2000 sample survey found that only 22 surface intact, 25.29%; accounted for 65 face varying degrees of damage, 74.71% .
Which seriously damaged, 9 surface accounted for entirely can not be used, accounting for 10.34% of the total. 2000, taken from Donglan Yizhou participate with 150 bronze drums, bronze the Gushan song Arts Festival, there are 66 face varying degrees of damage. "Mission accomplished" new drum "featuring heavy responsibility but hope not, bronze drum casting technology has been lost, and the side surface of the drum has to" People can not help but sigh: Over time, after decades, copper drum disappeared in the civil, associated with the customs and culture vanished. In order to attract tour commercialization of the bronze drum culture the vulgarization phenomenon is worrying. Why have exactly the bronze weapons of Qin been left in Jiangxi? For example, the customer, some area regardless of local or without culture, bronze drums hard to play cards in the scenic area, "demonstrating" the text on the bronze drums, chaotic pendulum a bronze drum trouble.
Some attractions are free to concentrate in order to centralize, adapt, even deceitful, which undermined the original ecology, and so on. The soldiers had not taken off the bronze and laid down the crossbows for three years so that they were almost out of provisions. Facing a crisis of the cultural heritage of the four, bronze drum. External thought and the impact of northwest Guangxi some young people believe that their own nation is very backward, ashamed to talk about national culture, little is known about the bronze drum culture, indifferent, let alone active learning, on Tonggu cultural heritage is extremely disadvantage. Guangxi local exhibitions, production of bronze drum sculpture and crafts, cultural exchanges, vigorously Xuanzhuan Qing bronze drum culture, to increase its influence and visibility, and enhance people voluntarily protect heritage again, the bronze drum culture concentration of ethnic minorities of southern China and the East and awareness.
With the deepening of tourism development, the name of the degree of "worth" continues to increase. In the temptation of material interests, some people were blinded by, sell Zu Zhuanqing Tonggu even take the risk of burglary in turn resold, resulting in decrease in the number of bronze drums of Northwest. Second, a number of bronze drums are different degrees of damage. Tourism activities in the high frequency of use of the bronze drum, after knocking Wan and old drum hit, will inevitably lead to depression and even cracks, badly damaged. In addition, in Xunwu, Long Nan, Gan County, Nankang, Dingnan have all found some bronze weapons. Hechi Cultural Relics Station bronze drum surface 87 of the 35 villages of the six townships in East Lan, Dahua May 2000 sample survey found that only 22 surface intact, 25.29%; accounted for 65 face varying degrees of damage, 74.71% .
Which seriously damaged, 9 surface accounted for entirely can not be used, accounting for 10.34% of the total. 2000, taken from Donglan Yizhou participate with 150 bronze drums, bronze the Gushan song Arts Festival, there are 66 face varying degrees of damage. "Mission accomplished" new drum "featuring heavy responsibility but hope not, bronze drum casting technology has been lost, and the side surface of the drum has to" People can not help but sigh: Over time, after decades, copper drum disappeared in the civil, associated with the customs and culture vanished. In order to attract tour commercialization of the bronze drum culture the vulgarization phenomenon is worrying. Why have exactly the bronze weapons of Qin been left in Jiangxi? For example, the customer, some area regardless of local or without culture, bronze drums hard to play cards in the scenic area, "demonstrating" the text on the bronze drums, chaotic pendulum a bronze drum trouble.
Some attractions are free to concentrate in order to centralize, adapt, even deceitful, which undermined the original ecology, and so on. The soldiers had not taken off the bronze and laid down the crossbows for three years so that they were almost out of provisions. Facing a crisis of the cultural heritage of the four, bronze drum. External thought and the impact of northwest Guangxi some young people believe that their own nation is very backward, ashamed to talk about national culture, little is known about the bronze drum culture, indifferent, let alone active learning, on Tonggu cultural heritage is extremely disadvantage. Guangxi local exhibitions, production of bronze drum sculpture and crafts, cultural exchanges, vigorously Xuanzhuan Qing bronze drum culture, to increase its influence and visibility, and enhance people voluntarily protect heritage again, the bronze drum culture concentration of ethnic minorities of southern China and the East and awareness.
Friday, May 4, 2012
Encourage the Supports towards the bronze
The end of 2003, the red water river in Guangxi Domain bronze drum art projects have been approved as one of the "Chinese ethnic folk culture protection project in the first 10 pilot projects. 2006, northwest Guangxi Red River Basin Zhuang "Drum practices" by the State Council announced the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. In the handle of the bronze have two round hoops which are wrapped with silk and easy to grip. 2009, bronze drums customs "was listed as the Ministry of Culture declared the United Nations Human Intangible recommended projects; northwest Guangxi Donglan cultural heritage list bronze drum culture of security" held intact by the Ministry of Culture named "Chinese folk culture and art the town. " In 2010, northwest Guangxi Zhuang bronze drum casting skill is listed as the third installment of the regional level intangible cultural heritage projects.
The same time, the ecological protection zone of the bronze drum culture of northwest Guangxi, Guangxi of the first group of autonomous cultural ecological protection zone, Timbal Culture of protected areas to protect the northwest Guangxi, the proposed non-material cultural heritage, ecological protection Village 35. There are also traces left on blade and the body of the bronze when fighting. (two develop publicity) to improve the bronze drum culture of visibility and influence in northwest Guangxi Nandan First, build the bronze drum culture exhibition hall area the. 2004, the county Tahu built Bai Ku Yao ecological museum "This is the first Yao Health, State Museum, Guangxi's first eco-museum, the museum displays include bronze drums.
In addition, the northwest Guangxi also established a Donglan Zhou Yue Tuen culture, including the Bai Ku Yao culture. Nandan County, very down to Tuen, the bridge on Tuen, of Figure Tuen bronze drum art ecological protection of the village, the construction of the development of thematic festival tourism. The other bronze is 40cm long and the round stem and lower part are both well preserved. The Gui Northwest record jinchengjiang urban Bronze Drum Square. Do the "bronze of Gushan Song Arts Festival after the 11th of carefully crafted, has become one of the Guangxi famous" three ". Donglan by virtue of its cultural resources of the bronze drum, is organizing the Cultural Tourism Festival in Donglan 2010 bronze drum, the development of the Zhuang bronze drum customs of an ethnic culture.
Third, the bronze drum culture and tourism resources portfolio Folk Culture and Tourism Festival in Bai Ku Yao and Yao Zhu Festival and Zhuang the ant Shui section development. , Playing the bronze drum, jump bronze encouraged by all become indispensable. Local archaeologists have don meticulous and careful survey to the places where the bronze swords were discovered. Another example is the 2008 Paris, France "Colorful China" national Heritage Month, 2010 Beijing and Guangxi Hechi hometown of Third Sister Liu, the world's longevity and Culture Week, the 2010 Shanghai World Expo "Guangxi Week" activities, has a northwest Guangxi bronze drum culture a dazzling display.
Product development of the bronze drum culture and achieved certain results. June 2010, northwest Guangxi sending Zhuang Autonomous bronze drum series "China Tourism Product Competition", from the country to participate in more than 1800 entries in column 54, won a bronze medal. (three studies with a teaching) attach importance to the Bronze Drum Cultural Heritage in 1987, Gui Northwest Song and Dance Ensemble had been successfully developed 18 surface of a large fixed-tone bronze drums, the surface alt bronze drum and 18 surface micro-tuning bronze drum, " 24 to participate in the most "China Art Festival" in China as well as to visit France and other performances, to get a higher rating, micro-tuning bronze drum was also sent to participate in the Exhibition of 15 4 anniversary of the founding. They found no evidence of tombs, so the bronze dragon are excluded from the possibility.
The same time, the ecological protection zone of the bronze drum culture of northwest Guangxi, Guangxi of the first group of autonomous cultural ecological protection zone, Timbal Culture of protected areas to protect the northwest Guangxi, the proposed non-material cultural heritage, ecological protection Village 35. There are also traces left on blade and the body of the bronze when fighting. (two develop publicity) to improve the bronze drum culture of visibility and influence in northwest Guangxi Nandan First, build the bronze drum culture exhibition hall area the. 2004, the county Tahu built Bai Ku Yao ecological museum "This is the first Yao Health, State Museum, Guangxi's first eco-museum, the museum displays include bronze drums.
In addition, the northwest Guangxi also established a Donglan Zhou Yue Tuen culture, including the Bai Ku Yao culture. Nandan County, very down to Tuen, the bridge on Tuen, of Figure Tuen bronze drum art ecological protection of the village, the construction of the development of thematic festival tourism. The other bronze is 40cm long and the round stem and lower part are both well preserved. The Gui Northwest record jinchengjiang urban Bronze Drum Square. Do the "bronze of Gushan Song Arts Festival after the 11th of carefully crafted, has become one of the Guangxi famous" three ". Donglan by virtue of its cultural resources of the bronze drum, is organizing the Cultural Tourism Festival in Donglan 2010 bronze drum, the development of the Zhuang bronze drum customs of an ethnic culture.
Third, the bronze drum culture and tourism resources portfolio Folk Culture and Tourism Festival in Bai Ku Yao and Yao Zhu Festival and Zhuang the ant Shui section development. , Playing the bronze drum, jump bronze encouraged by all become indispensable. Local archaeologists have don meticulous and careful survey to the places where the bronze swords were discovered. Another example is the 2008 Paris, France "Colorful China" national Heritage Month, 2010 Beijing and Guangxi Hechi hometown of Third Sister Liu, the world's longevity and Culture Week, the 2010 Shanghai World Expo "Guangxi Week" activities, has a northwest Guangxi bronze drum culture a dazzling display.
Product development of the bronze drum culture and achieved certain results. June 2010, northwest Guangxi sending Zhuang Autonomous bronze drum series "China Tourism Product Competition", from the country to participate in more than 1800 entries in column 54, won a bronze medal. (three studies with a teaching) attach importance to the Bronze Drum Cultural Heritage in 1987, Gui Northwest Song and Dance Ensemble had been successfully developed 18 surface of a large fixed-tone bronze drums, the surface alt bronze drum and 18 surface micro-tuning bronze drum, " 24 to participate in the most "China Art Festival" in China as well as to visit France and other performances, to get a higher rating, micro-tuning bronze drum was also sent to participate in the Exhibition of 15 4 anniversary of the founding. They found no evidence of tombs, so the bronze dragon are excluded from the possibility.
Thursday, May 3, 2012
Illustrate the Possiblity of the bronze
The same Stone Fan mirror each casting --- Tao Fan mirror and stone Fan mirror external cast technical characteristics made the technical features to be examined. the late Shang Dynasty bronze mirror unearthed two mirror Fan cast Anyang BC 12 to the 13th century pieces of the performance of their respective casting technical features combined with its technical features cast off with the local simulation results, can be considered: his bronze in patterns distinctly different patterns of local bronze casting mining capacity, Tao Fan mirror a variety of patterns, while the stone with Tao Fan technology. Fan mirror patterns on the ruins of Yin Fu Hao Tomb unearthed a variety of geometric patterns. Does the alteration of the national bronzeneed to have some procedures?
Bronze mirror in the performance of hand, the diameter of the vein pattern mirror (M:) 1,215,786 France, Tao Fan mirror the performance of practices can be line-style, flat cm, mirror edge decoration week milk nail pattern, the main grain District geometric surface less to type, relief type, while the pattern of the veins of stone Fan mirror the performance of lines (left), and its vein approach is primarily lines of type; the whole effect, Tao Fan mirror pattern with the Dandong ZHAOJIAPUZI, Ji Lin Jian Pandaoling generally seems fine, a clear pattern, while the stone Fan two-button geometric patterns mirror the patterns of multi-mirror generally remarkable sarcophagus tomb unearthed bronze mirror left relative to the first two Figure 9 Qijia culture Qinghai Ga Ma Taiwan unearthed right Linxia unearthed? In archaeological circle, there are two channels to name the bronze.
Concentric pattern mirror (M 5:) 111 845 cm in diameter, the mirror back to the mirror button on the center of a circle decorated with six weeks concentric convex Xianwen, decorated radiation between Xianwen-like lines (Fig. 4210, right). The patterns of structure and its overall effect has the technical features of the stone Van mirror. Some scholars believe that the four bronze mirrors, good excavated from the tomb of Fu Hao Yin Ruins are coming from the distribution area of northern China, Department of Bronze, from another perspective, illustrates the possibility of technology from the Stone range of cast mirror. Western Zhou Dynasty bronze mirror in the Central Plains region has found that more than 10, many of whom are prime mirror. One is to call an academic seminar when the bronze is found.
A small amount of mirror for decoration, and "bronze mirror of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the obvious common feature of the Shang Dynasty bronze mirror .... in the casting process, the Shang and Zhou bronze mirror with the contemporaries of the other bronzes is very rough, 40 well-made bronze mirror is relatively rare "]. The second is to discuss publicly about the bronze by publishing articles in academic journals. Sanmenxia? (Total 168)? 72 excavated from the tomb of the Guo State cemetery in the village of Ridge 1612 Spring and Autumn the early years of double-button animal pattern bronze mirror (M 1612:), the mirror back 65 decorated with lines of a bird, a deer and tigers (Figure 11, 1), the patterns bronze patterns and the Central Plains two weeks on the occasion of different ornamentation consistent north Department of bronze and the Xiajiadian upper culture.
Mirror back tied the two mirror button, suggests that the northeastern region of China with the dual-button geometric patterns mirror the intrinsic link; combined with its technical characteristics inferred, they are also the product of Stone range of cast mirror. Northeast China found the geometric pattern of multi-button mirror, its age from the Spring and Autumn in the early years to the late Warring States period, undoubtedly belong to the Stone Fan mirror. Archaeological findings suggest that, in the Qin Dynasty so far discovered in northwest China's Gansu and Qinghai area, the North Wall Strip and the Northeast, a variety of bronze casting range, Chifeng Dongshan Tsui Tao Fan a and Qingshuihe County West Fork site Tao Fan of individual discoveries and its origin is not clear, the rest are stone Fan. After discussion, if reached a consensus, the name of the bronze would be widely adopted.
Bronze mirror in the performance of hand, the diameter of the vein pattern mirror (M:) 1,215,786 France, Tao Fan mirror the performance of practices can be line-style, flat cm, mirror edge decoration week milk nail pattern, the main grain District geometric surface less to type, relief type, while the pattern of the veins of stone Fan mirror the performance of lines (left), and its vein approach is primarily lines of type; the whole effect, Tao Fan mirror pattern with the Dandong ZHAOJIAPUZI, Ji Lin Jian Pandaoling generally seems fine, a clear pattern, while the stone Fan two-button geometric patterns mirror the patterns of multi-mirror generally remarkable sarcophagus tomb unearthed bronze mirror left relative to the first two Figure 9 Qijia culture Qinghai Ga Ma Taiwan unearthed right Linxia unearthed? In archaeological circle, there are two channels to name the bronze.
Concentric pattern mirror (M 5:) 111 845 cm in diameter, the mirror back to the mirror button on the center of a circle decorated with six weeks concentric convex Xianwen, decorated radiation between Xianwen-like lines (Fig. 4210, right). The patterns of structure and its overall effect has the technical features of the stone Van mirror. Some scholars believe that the four bronze mirrors, good excavated from the tomb of Fu Hao Yin Ruins are coming from the distribution area of northern China, Department of Bronze, from another perspective, illustrates the possibility of technology from the Stone range of cast mirror. Western Zhou Dynasty bronze mirror in the Central Plains region has found that more than 10, many of whom are prime mirror. One is to call an academic seminar when the bronze is found.
A small amount of mirror for decoration, and "bronze mirror of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the obvious common feature of the Shang Dynasty bronze mirror .... in the casting process, the Shang and Zhou bronze mirror with the contemporaries of the other bronzes is very rough, 40 well-made bronze mirror is relatively rare "]. The second is to discuss publicly about the bronze by publishing articles in academic journals. Sanmenxia? (Total 168)? 72 excavated from the tomb of the Guo State cemetery in the village of Ridge 1612 Spring and Autumn the early years of double-button animal pattern bronze mirror (M 1612:), the mirror back 65 decorated with lines of a bird, a deer and tigers (Figure 11, 1), the patterns bronze patterns and the Central Plains two weeks on the occasion of different ornamentation consistent north Department of bronze and the Xiajiadian upper culture.
Mirror back tied the two mirror button, suggests that the northeastern region of China with the dual-button geometric patterns mirror the intrinsic link; combined with its technical characteristics inferred, they are also the product of Stone range of cast mirror. Northeast China found the geometric pattern of multi-button mirror, its age from the Spring and Autumn in the early years to the late Warring States period, undoubtedly belong to the Stone Fan mirror. Archaeological findings suggest that, in the Qin Dynasty so far discovered in northwest China's Gansu and Qinghai area, the North Wall Strip and the Northeast, a variety of bronze casting range, Chifeng Dongshan Tsui Tao Fan a and Qingshuihe County West Fork site Tao Fan of individual discoveries and its origin is not clear, the rest are stone Fan. After discussion, if reached a consensus, the name of the bronze would be widely adopted.
Wednesday, May 2, 2012
Thriving Social Factors of the bronze
Tang Dynasty bronze mirror in shape, broke through the Han-style mirrors, to create a variety of reading glasses, such as sunflower mirror Linghua mirror, square Asian-shaped mirror, and so on. In addition to the traditional auspicious animals, birds, animals, portraits, inscriptions and other decorations, the pattern also increased the performance of the Marine Mammals of the Western theme of grapes pattern, playing polo pattern of performance in real life. Decoration and the overall layout of the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror, also broke the previous program specification. The decorations on the bronze embody the prevailing social trends and religious implication. The composition of bronze mirror surround, and symmetrical performance practices, but the layout is fresh and clear, smooth and gorgeous, free-spirited, especially in high-relief techniques, plenty of angry, soft and natural.
Chinese mirror, Tang Dynasty, following another peak in the Han Dynasty, exquisite craft, the numerous forms of the patterns of the rich, beyond the first generation of amazing achievements. The bronze also tells us the material and spiritual activities of the earlier human. Bronze mirror is made of copper tin alloy casting Tang Dynasty in the copper compound to increase the proportion of tin is white and the color of the copper material such as silver, made of bronze mirror green, glistening, smooth and shining mirror, a qualitative pure high spirits of the material beauty in the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror in the casting process is also quite innovative, appeared off Jinyin Ping, special arts and crafts mirror inlaid with mother, laced with gold and silver. the shape of the bronze mirror also broke the traditional circular format, creating a variety of fancy mirror, Po-phase glasses.
The Linghua mirror, eight prism, eight arc mirror, artistic mirror of the Quartet Committee angle and sessile New York handle mirror bronze mirror on the back of pattern layout is also beneficial to see ingenuity, a reversal from the mirror button to the edge of the concentric layers of the way of the layout, multi-use scatter or appropriate forms of tricks, concise and crisp, clear and smooth pattern of subject matter is varied, flowers, birds, fish and insects, strange birds and animals, myths and legends, historical stories, religion and social life, frequent international exchanges in the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror the pattern also reflects the content of this field from a side note, the Tang Dynasty, foreign culture inclusive attitude, but also to promote the prosperity of the Tang culture. The Chinese bronze has a very close relation with the social activities in many areas.
Tang Dynasty bronze mirror is prosperous because: First, in the Tang Dynasty to the formation of social habits as a gift and a gift of a bronze mirror, Tang Jing except as face to face, but also as the Jin Xianhuang on each other gifts souvenirs , or the emperor the reward Baiguan the gift. According to legend, the Tang period, set August 5th birthday of the reign. The "Chiaki section, also known as the" future gold Kam section. Moreover, the bronzeis also related to the creation of human civilization as well as cultural belief. On this day, the ministers offered Gan Loushou wine, and exquisite bronze mirror as a birthday or give each other gifts. Such activities played a role in fueling the production of bronze mirrors and flourished. This makes Tangjing to not only have practical significance, more spiritual, aesthetic and social significance of this is Tangjing thriving social factors.
Second, due to the emergence and wide application of the porcelain, bronze production increasingly fading traditional metalworking technologies focused on the production of bronze mirrors, which is its historical and technological factors. As a totem, the bronze is a natural image and more is animal image. The interaction of these factors, making the bronze mirror known as an important arts and crafts of the characteristics of the times, and formed a decorated Tang Jing, the production of elegant, colorful and unique style. Tang Jing in China's position in the history of arts and crafts can not be replaced, the following describes a few pieces of exquisite Tang Dynasty bronze mirror appreciation and analysis.
Chinese mirror, Tang Dynasty, following another peak in the Han Dynasty, exquisite craft, the numerous forms of the patterns of the rich, beyond the first generation of amazing achievements. The bronze also tells us the material and spiritual activities of the earlier human. Bronze mirror is made of copper tin alloy casting Tang Dynasty in the copper compound to increase the proportion of tin is white and the color of the copper material such as silver, made of bronze mirror green, glistening, smooth and shining mirror, a qualitative pure high spirits of the material beauty in the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror in the casting process is also quite innovative, appeared off Jinyin Ping, special arts and crafts mirror inlaid with mother, laced with gold and silver. the shape of the bronze mirror also broke the traditional circular format, creating a variety of fancy mirror, Po-phase glasses.
The Linghua mirror, eight prism, eight arc mirror, artistic mirror of the Quartet Committee angle and sessile New York handle mirror bronze mirror on the back of pattern layout is also beneficial to see ingenuity, a reversal from the mirror button to the edge of the concentric layers of the way of the layout, multi-use scatter or appropriate forms of tricks, concise and crisp, clear and smooth pattern of subject matter is varied, flowers, birds, fish and insects, strange birds and animals, myths and legends, historical stories, religion and social life, frequent international exchanges in the Tang Dynasty bronze mirror the pattern also reflects the content of this field from a side note, the Tang Dynasty, foreign culture inclusive attitude, but also to promote the prosperity of the Tang culture. The Chinese bronze has a very close relation with the social activities in many areas.
Tang Dynasty bronze mirror is prosperous because: First, in the Tang Dynasty to the formation of social habits as a gift and a gift of a bronze mirror, Tang Jing except as face to face, but also as the Jin Xianhuang on each other gifts souvenirs , or the emperor the reward Baiguan the gift. According to legend, the Tang period, set August 5th birthday of the reign. The "Chiaki section, also known as the" future gold Kam section. Moreover, the bronzeis also related to the creation of human civilization as well as cultural belief. On this day, the ministers offered Gan Loushou wine, and exquisite bronze mirror as a birthday or give each other gifts. Such activities played a role in fueling the production of bronze mirrors and flourished. This makes Tangjing to not only have practical significance, more spiritual, aesthetic and social significance of this is Tangjing thriving social factors.
Second, due to the emergence and wide application of the porcelain, bronze production increasingly fading traditional metalworking technologies focused on the production of bronze mirrors, which is its historical and technological factors. As a totem, the bronze is a natural image and more is animal image. The interaction of these factors, making the bronze mirror known as an important arts and crafts of the characteristics of the times, and formed a decorated Tang Jing, the production of elegant, colorful and unique style. Tang Jing in China's position in the history of arts and crafts can not be replaced, the following describes a few pieces of exquisite Tang Dynasty bronze mirror appreciation and analysis.
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